Endoplasmic reticulum "Synthesise and Transports Protein"
Cytoplasm "Jelly"
Cell Membrane "Border Patrol"
Mitochondria "Powerhouse"
Golgi apparatus (or Golgi body) "Mailroom"
Try to make up a mnemonic! Not everyone can cut my gravy
Organelle Function
Mitochondria - Are Mighty - they deal with important things like energy!! They make ATP!
Convert oxygen and nutrients into energy (ATP).
ATP is the energy of the cell that powers the cell's metabolic activities. So the Mitochondria are the "Power House" of the cell.
Endoplasmic Reticulum is a network of tubes, continuous with the nuclear membrane. It usually has ribosomes attached and is involved in protein synthesis and transport.
A main function of the Golgi Apparatus is to Process and Package Proteins. It's the "Mailroom".
Be careful not to mix up the Golgi with the ER! Hints: 1. The ER sits closer to the Nucleus. 2. In most diagrams the ER will show the Ribosomes (little dots).
The nucleus has two major functions: it stores the cell's hereditary material, or DNA, and it coordinates the cell's activities
It's the "Command Centre".
Cell membrane - (not to be confused with the cell wall) acts as a barrier that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment. It also allows certain substances can move in and out of the cell.
It's "Border Patrol".
Centrioles are a cylindrical structure. They produce spindle fibres during cell division.
It's the "Puppet Master".
Label the parts of a Nucleotide
Draw and label DNA
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Carries the genetic instructions for the development and functioning of all known living organisms.
What are the four (4) nitrogen bases? How do they pair up?
Bases - All Tigers Can Growl:
Adenine
Thyamine
Guanine
Cytosine
Pairings - Apples in the Tree or Car in the Garage: TA CG
Remember:
The two circle letters go together C & G.
The two stick letters go together A & T.
DNA Replication, Using Diagrams.
When in the Cell Cycle is replication carried out? Why?
Interphase - DNA replicates - so that Mitosis can produce two identical daughter cells.
Mitosis
Mitosis is important for cell growth and repair!
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Meiosis
Remember Meiosis produces four (4) daughter cells with half the original chromosomes.
Chromosomes - In the nucleus of each cell, the DNA molecule is packaged into thread-like structures called chromosomes.
Spindle Fibres - Spindle fibers form a protein structure that divides the genetic material in a cell. Chromosomes rely on the spindle fibres (formed by centrioles) to move.
Dominant - An allele that expresses its phenotypic effect even when heterozygous with a recessive allele. Remember dominant alleles show their effect even if the individual only has one copy of the allele
Recessive - A recessive allele can be masked by a dominant allele. Remember that you need two recessive alleles for a recessive trait to be expressed - so you must have a homozygous recessive genotype.
Homozygous - 'homo' = same.
Heterozygous - 'hetero' = different.
Phenotype - physical characteristics of an individual (what you can see).
Genotype - genetic make up of an individual.
Probability - chance or likelihood.
Punnet Square Questions
B - (DOMINANT) Brown Hair b - (recessive) Blond Hair
Because Blonde Hair is a recessive trait, two recessive alleles are needed so it can be expressed. This Punnett Square shows that a Brown Hair person can only have Blond offspring if their genotype is Heterozygous Brown Hair.
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